I ka ʻoihana hou,paipu hao ductilehoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hāʻawi wai, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka lawe ʻana i ke kinoea a me nā māla ʻē aʻe ma muli o kā lākou hana maikaʻi loa. No ka hoʻomaopopo hohonu i ka hana ʻana o nā paipu hao ductile, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ke kiʻi metallographic o nā paipu hao ductile. I kēia lā, e kūkākūkā mākou i ke kuleana o nā kiʻi metallographic o nā paipu hao ductile i ka hohonu, a e kālele ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka waiwai maikaʻi loa i lawe ʻia eDINSENnā paipu hao ductile hiki i ka pae 1 spheroidization rate. ʻO ke kiʻi ma lalo nei he kiʻi o ke kiʻi metallographic o nā paipu hao ductile DINSEN.
Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā kiʻi metallographic nā kiʻi o ke ʻano o loko o nā metala i ʻike ʻia e nā microscopes metallographic a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā mea metala. No nā paipu hao ductile, hōʻike kā lākou mau kiʻi metallographic i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi e like me ke kūlana mahele, nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke degere o ka spheroidization o ka hao ductile i loko o ka matrix hao. I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā laʻana metallographic, pono ke ʻano o nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi e like me ka ʻokiʻoki, wili, polishing a me ka corrosion. Pono ka ʻoki ʻana e hiki i nā laʻana i koho ʻia ke hōʻike i nā ʻano o ka paipu holoʻokoʻa; ʻO ke kaʻina hana wili e hoʻopau mālie i ka pōʻino o ka ʻili i hana ʻia e ka ʻoki ʻana, i hoʻokō ka palahalaha o ka ʻili i kekahi mau koi; ʻO ka polishing hou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻili o ka hāpana e like me ke aniani, i hiki ke hōʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻano o loko ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka corrosion; ʻO ka corrosion ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents kemika e hana me nā ʻano metala like ʻole i nā degere like ʻole, i mea e hōʻike ai i nā ʻokoʻa akaka o ka hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho ma lalo o ka microscope. Ma o kēia kaʻina hana, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i kahi kiʻi metallographic hiki ke hōʻike pololei i ka microstructure o nā paipu hao ductile.
Ka noiʻi hana waiwai:ʻO ka hana o nā paipu hao ductile pili loa i ke kūlana o nā nodules graphite. Mai ke kiʻi metallographic, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike intuitively i ka nui, ka helu a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā nodules graphite. Hoʻopili pololei ka nui o nā nodules graphite i nā waiwai mechanical o ka hao. Hiki i nā nodules graphite liʻiliʻi a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ka hao. No ka laʻana, i ka wā liʻiliʻi a puʻunaue like ʻia nā nodules graphite, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopuehu i ke koʻikoʻi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia ai i nā mana o waho, i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopiʻi a me nā waiwai tensile i nā paipu hao ductile. ʻO ke kiʻi metallographic e like me ka puke code o nā waiwai waiwai. Ma ka unuhi ʻana, hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke loaʻa ka ʻike hohonu o ka pilina ma waena o ka hale o loko a me nā waiwai o ka mea, a hāʻawi i kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea paipu hao ductile maikaʻi.
Mana maikaʻi:I ke kaʻina hana o nā paipu hao ductile, ʻo nā kiʻi metallographic kahi ala koʻikoʻi o ka mana maikaʻi. Pono e ho'āʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o nā paipu hao ductile i hana ʻia. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kiʻikuhi metallographic me ka atlas maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻoholo inā kū ka huahana i nā kūlana maikaʻi. Inā hōʻike ka kiʻi metallographic i ka pōʻino o ka spheroidization o nā pōpō graphite, e like me ka nui o ka flake graphite a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka spheroidization, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hana o ka hui o nā huahana ke hoʻokō i nā koi i manaʻo ʻia. No nā mea hana, hiki i ka ʻike manawa o ia mau pilikia maikaʻi ke pale i nā huahana kūpono ʻole mai ke komo ʻana i ka mākeke a hōʻemi i nā poho waiwai. He kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.
Ke kālailai hāʻule:Ke hāʻule a hāʻule paha nā paipu hao ductile i ka wā e hoʻohana ai, hiki i nā kiʻi metallographic ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e ʻike i ke kumu o ka hāʻule. No ka laʻana, ina he pipeline ruptures, ma ke kālailai 'ana i ka metallographic kiʻi kokoke i ka ruptured hapa, hiki ke ike i ka spheroidization rate o ka graphite nodules, ka hopena i ka hoemi mea toughness a brittle haʻihaʻi ma lalo o ka lōʻihi o waho ikaika; a i ʻole ma muli o nā haumia a i ʻole nā hemahema o ka hale, hoʻokumu ʻia ka corrosion ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka pau ʻole o ka pipeline. Ma hope o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kumu hemahema ma o ka loiloi metallographic, hiki ke lawe ʻia nā hana hoʻomaikaʻi i manaʻo ʻia, e like me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ʻano kumu waiwai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola lawelawe a me ka hilinaʻi o nā paipu hao ductile.
He hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ka helu Spheroidization no ke ana ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā paipu hao ductile. Hōʻike ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka graphite spheroidization. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu spheroidization, ʻoi aku ka pili o ke ʻano o nā nodules graphite i kahi pōʻai kūpono a ʻoi aku ka like o ka hāʻawi ʻana. Wahi a nā kūlana kūpono, hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka nui o ka spheroidization i nā pae like ʻole, maʻamau mai ka pae 1 a hiki i ka pae 6, me ka pae 1 ka nui o ka spheroidization kiʻekiʻe a me ka pae 6 i loaʻa ka nui o ka spheroidization haʻahaʻa.
Ka helu spheroidization pae 1: No nā paipu hao ductile i hiki i ka pae spheroidization pae 1, ʻaneʻane poʻe pōʻai pono nā nodule graphite i loko, ʻaʻahu like ka nui, a hoʻopuehu loa a puʻunaue like. Hāʻawi kēia microstructure maikaʻi i nā paipu hao ductile maikaʻi loa. Ma keʻano o ka ikaika, hiki iā ia ke pale i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke mālama i kahi hale paʻa inā paha i kanuʻia i loko o ka lepo e kū i ka paʻi lepo a i ka wā e lawe ai i nā wai kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke ʻano o ka paʻakikī, ʻo nā paipu hao ductile me ka nui o ka spheroidization o 1 ka hopena maikaʻi loa. ʻOiai ma lalo o nā kūlana geological paʻakikī, e like me nā wahi e hiki ai ke ōlaʻi, hiki iā lākou ke pale maikaʻi i ka hopena o nā mea e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka honua, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka pilikia o ka haki ʻana o ka pipeline. I ka manawa like, kōkua pū ka nui o ka spheroidization maikaʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka paipu, no ka mea, ʻo ka hāʻawi like ʻana o nā pōpō graphite e hōʻemi ana i ka corrosion electrochemical ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa microstructural.
Ka hopena o nā pae like ʻole o ka spheroidization rate ma ka hana:I ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka spheroidization, hele mālie ke ʻano o nā pōpō graphite mai ke ʻano pōʻai, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka elliptical, like me ka ilo a me ka flake graphite. ʻO kēia mau graphites ʻano like ʻole e hana i nā wahi koʻikoʻi i loko o ka mea, e hōʻemi ana i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ka mea. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole like ka maʻamau o nā pōpō graphite o nā paipu hao ductile me ka nui o ka spheroidization o 3 e like me ko ka pae 1, a ʻaʻole like ka puʻunaue. Ke hoʻokau ʻia i ka puʻe like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka deformed kūloko a i ʻole rupture. Ma ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā paipu me nā haʻahaʻa spheroidization haʻahaʻa i ka corrosion electrochemical ma muli o ka microstructure uneven, no laila e pōkole ke ola lawelawe o ka paipu.
ʻO nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa:Loaʻa i nā paipu hao ductile DINSEN ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī ma muli o kā lākou pae 1 spheroidization rate. I nā papahana hoʻolako wai, hiki iā lākou ke kū i ke kaomi wai kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻoia i ka lako wai paʻa, a e hōʻemi i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pōʻino paipu. I nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe wai, e kū pono ana i nā pono wai kahe kiʻekiʻe i ka wā ʻoi loa e like me ka ua nui, ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi e hiki ke hōʻoia i ka pōʻino ʻole o ka pipeline e ka hopena o ka wai. Ma ke kahua o ka hoʻoili kinoea, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke kinoea kiʻekiʻe e pono ai ka ikaika pipeline kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka helu spheroidization papa 1 o nā paipu hao ductile DINSEN hiki iā ia ke hana i kēia hana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka lawe kinoea palekana a hilinaʻi.
Ke ola lōʻihi:ʻO ka microstructure like ʻole i lawe ʻia e ka helu 1 spheroidization rate e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o nā paipu hao ductile DINSEN. Inā i loko o kahi ʻāina haʻahaʻa a i ʻole i kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻokuʻu wai ʻona ʻoihana i loaʻa i ka media corrosive, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona kūpaʻa corrosion ma mua o nā paipu me nā helu spheroidization haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia keʻano o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā paipu hao DINSEN, e emi mālie ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ka paipu, a hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka hana maikaʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻonui loa i ke ola o ka paipu a me ka ho'ēmiʻana i nā kumukūʻai pani a mālama.
Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka noi ākea:Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa, hiki i nā paipu hao hao DINSEN ke hoʻololi i nā ʻenehana ʻenehana paʻakikī a me nā koi noi. Inā ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ke anuanu, hoʻokō ʻo ia i ke kaomi ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka wai maloʻo i loko o ka paipu i ka hoʻoilo, a i ʻole ma nā wahi wela a me ka ua ma ke kūkulu hema, kūʻē ia i ka corrosion ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa. Hana maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā hana o ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale, ka ʻenekinia ʻenehana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mahiʻai, a hāʻawi i nā ʻōnaehana pipeline pono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ke kiʻikuhi metallographic o nā paipu hao ductile e pāʻani i kahi hana i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka noiʻi waiwai, ka hoʻokele maikaʻi a me ka nānā ʻole ʻana. ʻO ka pae o ka spheroidization rate, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 1st level spheroidization rate i loaʻa e DINSEN ductile iron pipes, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o nā paipu hao ductile, e hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola lawelawe a hālāwai i kahi ākea o nā pono noi. Ma o ka hoʻomaopopo hohonu ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi metallographic a me ka nui o ka spheroidization, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i nā paipu hao ductile, kahi mea ʻenehana koʻikoʻi, a hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i ko lākou mau pono i nā noi hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-21-2025
