ʻO nā waiwai, nā pono a me nā hoʻohana o ka hao hao

ʻO Ductile iron, i kapa ʻia ʻo spheroidal a nodular iron, he pūʻulu o nā mea hao hao me kahi microstructure kūʻokoʻa e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻalahi, ka lōʻihi, a me ka elasticity. Loaʻa iā ia ma luna o 3 pakeneka kalapona a hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia, wili, a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻole me ka haki ʻole, mahalo i kona ʻano graphite flake. Ua like ka hao me ke kila ma kona mau waiwai mechanical a ua oi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka hao hoolei maʻamau.

Hana ʻia nā hoʻoheheʻe hao ma ka ninini ʻana i ka hao ductile i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mole, kahi e maʻalili a paʻa ka hao e hana i nā ʻano i makemake ʻia. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ka hopena i nā mea metala paʻa me ka lōʻihi loa.

He aha ka mea e kū hoʻokahi ai ka hao Ductile?

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hao Ductile i ka makahiki 1943 ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaikaʻi hou ma mua o ka hao hoʻolei kuʻuna. ʻAʻole like me ka hao hao, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka graphite e like me nā flakes, ductile iron he graphite ma ke ʻano o nā spheroids, no laila ka huaʻōlelo "spheroidal graphite." Hāʻawi kēia hana i ka hao ductile e kū i ka piko a me ka haʻalulu me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe kuʻuna, hiki ke maʻalahi i ka palupalu a me ka haki.

Hana ʻia ka hao ductile mai ka hao puaʻa, he hao maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka nui o 90% o ka hao. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hao puaʻa no ka mea he haʻahaʻa kona koena a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻino, kemika paʻa, a paipai i nā kūlana slag maikaʻi loa i ka wā hana. ʻO kēia kumu kumu ke kumu nui e makemake ai nā mea hoʻokumu hao ductile i ka hao puaʻa ma mua o nā kumu ʻē aʻe e like me ka metala ʻōpala.

Na waiwai o ka hao hao

Hana ʻia nā māka like ʻole o ka hao ductile ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻolālā matrix a puni ka graphite i ka wā o ka hoʻolei ʻana a i ʻole ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela. Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau ʻano hoʻololi liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā microstructure kikoʻī, kahi e hoʻoholo ai i nā waiwai o kēlā me kēia papa o ka hao ductile.

Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hao me ke kila me nā spheroids graphite i hoʻokomo ʻia. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka matrix metallic e hoʻopuni ana i nā spheroids graphite e hoʻoikaika nui i nā waiwai o ka hao ductile, ʻoiai ʻo ka graphite ponoʻī e kōkua i kona elasticity a me ka maʻalahi.

Nui nā ʻano matrices i ka hao ductile, a ʻo kēia ka mea maʻamau.

1. 1. Ferrite- He matrix hao maʻemaʻe i ductile a maʻalahi, akā haʻahaʻa ka ikaika. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka pale ʻana o Ferrite, akā ʻo kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻalahi o ka mīkini e lilo ia i mea waiwai i nā māka hao ductile.
2. 2. ʻO Pearlite- He hui o ka ferrite a me ka hao carbide (Fe3C). He paʻakikī me ka ductility haʻahaʻa, hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, a me ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hāʻawi ʻo Pearlite i ka machinability maikaʻi.
3. 3. Pearlite/Ferrite- He hale hui pū me ka pearlite a me ka ferrite, ʻo ia ka matrix maʻamau i nā māka kalepa o ka hao ductile. Hoʻohui ia i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea ʻelua, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ala kaulike i ka ikaika, ductility, a me ka machinability.

Hoʻololi ka microstructure kūʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia metala i kona mau waiwai kino:

Nā Papa Hao Uku Maʻamau

ʻOiai he nui nā kikoʻī hao ductile like ʻole, hāʻawi mau nā foundries i 3 mau māka maʻamau:

ʻO nā pono o ka hao hao

Hāʻawi ka Ductile iron i nā pono he nui no nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea hana:

• • Hiki iā ia ke hoʻolei a me ka mīkini, e hoʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai hana.
• • He lākiō kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika-a-kaumaha, e ʻae ai i nā mea paʻa paʻa akā māmā.
• • Hāʻawi ka hao ductile i kahi kaulike maikaʻi o ka paʻakikī, ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai, a me ka hilinaʻi.
• • Kona castability kiʻekiʻe a me ka machinability i kūpono no ka paʻakikī'āpana.

Noi o ka hao hao

Ma muli o kona ikaika a me ka ductility, ductile iron ka nui o nā noi ʻoihana. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i ka paipa, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā mea hana, nā hale pahū, a me nā kumu mīkini. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka hao i nā haʻihaʻi he mea kūpono ia no nā noi palekana, e like me nā bollards a me ka pale ʻana i ka hopena. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana makani-mana a me nā wahi koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe kahi e pono ai ka lōʻihi a me ka maʻalahi.