EN4016: He Alakaʻi i nā Mea Paʻa no nā ʻŌnaehana Paipu Hao Ductile

I loko o nā ʻōnaehana paipu hao ductile, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi nā mea paʻa (e like me nā bolts, nati, a me nā gaskets), he mau mea koʻikoʻi lākou no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka paʻa, ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana, a me ka hana palekana o nā pilina paipu. EN4016, "Nā paipu hao ductile, nā mea hoʻopili, a me nā mea komo - Lako wai inu - Nā koi a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo," e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā koi loea maopopo no nā mea paʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ia mau paipu. Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i ka ʻike kumu e pili ana i nā mea paʻa e pili ana i kēia kūlana.

ʻAʻole wale ka pae EN4016 e uhi ana i nānā paipu hao ductilea me nā mea hoʻopili ponoʻī, akā kuhikuhi pono pū i ka hana, nā mea hana, a me ka pale ʻana i ka pala o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopili iā lākou (me nā bolts, nati, a me nā mea holoi). ʻO ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa e kūlike me kēia kūlana he mea nui ia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka palekana o ka ʻōnaehana paipu holoʻokoʻa.

Nā Koina Kumu no nā Mea Paʻa
Wahi a EN4016, pono nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā paipu hao ductile (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻolako wai inu) e hoʻokō i nā koi kumu:
1. Nā Waiwai Mea a me nā Mechanical

• ʻO nā ʻūpā: pono e hana ʻia me nā mea me ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa kūpono, e like me ke kila kalapona a i ʻole ke kila hui. Pono ko lākou ʻano mechanical ma ka liʻiliʻi he 8.8 (e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika tensile nominal o 800 MPa a me ka lakio ikaika hua o 0.8). No nā noi kaomi kiʻekiʻe, pono paha nā ʻūpā me ka ikaika o 10.9 a ʻoi aku paha.
• Nā nati: pono e kūlike me ke ʻano o ka bolt, e hoʻohana pinepine ana i nā nati papa 8 a 10 paha, e hōʻoia i kahi pilina mau a pale i ka wehe ʻana o ke kaula.
• Ka hiki ke hana ʻia: pono e loaʻa ka hiki ke hana ʻia a me ka mīkini e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hemahema kūloko.

2. Nā kaulapono e kūlike me nā kūlana kaula metric ISO (e laʻa, ISO68-1, ISO261),e maʻemaʻe, piha, a kaʻawale mai nā ʻūpā, nā māwae, a me nā kīnā ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i ka pilina maʻalahi ma waena o ka bolt a me ka nati.

3. Nā Ana a me nā Hoʻomanawanuipono e hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻomanawanui i kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā kiʻi hoʻolālā a me nā kūlana pili (e like me EN ISO 4014 a me EN ISO 4032) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻololi a me ke kūlike i ka ʻākoakoa ʻana.

Ma muli o ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻana o nā paipu hao ductile ma lalo o ka honua a i ʻole ma nā wahi pulu, a no ka mea lawe lākou i ka wai inu, kiʻekiʻe loa ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka palaho o nā mea paʻa. He mau lula koʻikoʻi ko EN4016 no kēia:
1. Ka pilikia o ka palaho
He mea maʻalahi loa nā mea paʻa kila kalapona i ka pala electrochemical i nā wahi pulu. Hiki i ka pala nui ke alakaʻi i ka haki ʻana o ka bolt, ka liki ʻana o nā hui, a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana paipu.
No ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka wai inu, pono ka uhi anti-corrosion ʻaʻole ʻawahia, ʻaʻohe ala, a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.

2. Nā Uhi Anti-Corrosion i Manaʻo ʻia,Manaʻo ʻo EN 4016 i nā ʻano hana anti-corrosion no nā wahi wai inu:
ʻO ke galvanizing wela-dip (HDG): He ʻano palekana maʻamau a kūpono hoʻi kēia. Ma hope o ka pickling a me ka fluxing, hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea paʻa i loko o ka zinc heheʻe e hana i kahi papa zinc-hao paʻa a me kahi papa zinc maʻemaʻe.
Pono: Pono ka mānoanoa o ka papa galvanized e kūlike i nā kūlana kūpono (e like me ISO 10684), maʻamau e koi ana i ka mānoanoa awelika o 50μm ma ka liʻiliʻi e hōʻoia i ka pale ʻana i ka palaho no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO Dacromet/Zinc-Chromium Coating: He ʻenehana uhi pale palaho ʻole hydrogen-embrittlement, i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi slurry i haku ʻia me ka pauka zinc, ka pauka alumini, a me ka waikawa chromic a laila hoʻomoʻa iā ia i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi: Kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka pala (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wela me ka mānoanoa like), ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka hydrogen embrittlement, a me kahi uhi like.
Hoʻokō piha i nā koi maʻemaʻe no nā mea e pili ana i ka wai inu.

Uhi ʻEpoxy: Hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻili pale resin epoxy paʻa i ka ʻili paʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana e like me ka pīpī electrostatic.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi: Kū'ē maikaʻi loa i nā kemika a me ke ʻano nani. Eia nō naʻe, pono e paʻa pono ka uhi a ʻaʻohe hōʻino, no ka mea hiki i kēia ke hana i ka pala.

nā ʻōnaehana paipu hao ductile, nā paipu hao ductile, ka lako wai inu, EN4016, nā mea paʻa, nā mea pono, nā ʻūmiʻi, nā nati, nā gaskets, ka mea paʻa me ka galvanizing wela.